Adult stature estimation from long bones.

Use Adult estimation only for adult remains with confirmed skeletal maturity. Subadult Beta explains why juvenile remains need a separate nonlinear method and are intentionally not calculated with adult formulas.

Choose the reference population that matches the biological profile. If ancestry or reference context is unclear, use Generic or uncertain. This lowers precision because the model has less specific biological context.

Select Male or Female only when sex assessment is defensible. Use Unknown or disputed when sex cannot be established. Unknown sex widens uncertainty and reduces the Accuracy Index.

Select the unit used in your lab record. The engine converts internally, but the entered number must match this unit. Most forensic osteometry should be entered in centimeters.

This controls the displayed model interval. Use 95% for forensic reporting. A 90% interval is narrower, but less conservative.

Optional. Living stature decreases during the day as spinal discs compress. Select the approximate hours since waking only when that comparison is relevant. Leave No correction if unknown.

Optional. Older adults can lose additional stature through spinal and postural change. Select the estimated adult age range when known. Leave Unknown when age is uncertain.

Select the actual measured bone: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, or ulna. The red skeleton marks the selected bone so the measurement source stays visible.

Enter the osteometric length of the selected bone. The number must be the real measurement in the selected unit, not the estimated body height.

Choose the honest preservation condition for each bone. Complete bone gives the narrowest error. Minor surface loss, reconstructed length, and fragmentary estimates progressively widen the model interval and reduce the Accuracy Index.

The result percentage summarizes model precision from interval width, bone count, condition, consistency, population, and sex uncertainty. It is not an identification probability.